Atomic bomb literature

Japanese poet

Sankichi Tōge (峠 三吉, Tōge Sankichi, 19 February – 10 March ), born Mitsuyoshi Tōge, was a Japanese poet, activist, and survivor of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. He is best known for his collection of poems Genbaku Shishu ("Poems of the Atomic Bomb"), published in

Early life and education

Mitsuyoshi Tōge, later known as Sankichi Tōge, was born on 19 February^{[citation needed]} in Osaka,^[1] the youngest son of Ki'ichi Tōge, a successful manufacturer of bricks.

Toge sankichi biography templates free A native of Hiroshima, Tōge Sankichi started reading and writing lyrical poetry, waka, and haiku as a youth. He was not drafted during the war due to lung disease, and survived the bombing at home, 3 kilometers from the hypocenter. He became a Catholic, and in joined the Japan Communist party.

From the start Tōge was a sickly child, suffering from asthma and periodic vomiting.^{[citation needed]}

His family was politically radical, with two siblings official members of the Communist Party and all of the children having been arrested at least once; however, Tōge did not become involved in politics at this time.^[2]

He graduated from Hiroshima Prefecture's School of Commerce in and started working for the Hiroshima Gas Company.^{[citation needed]}

Poetry and activism

Tōge started composing poems in the second year of middle school.

Early influences included Tolstoy, Heine, Tōson Shimazaki, and Haruo Sato. By he had composed three thousand tanka and even more haiku. They were mostly lyric poems.^{[citation needed]}

Tōge was 28 in Midori-machi, 3&#;km (&#;mi) from the hypocenter of the bomb dropped by the Americans on Hiroshima to end World War II in After this, his activism included the publication of several books advocating peace and opposing the use of nuclear weapons.^[3] Among other groups and movements, he became involved in and took up some leadership positions in the Hiroshima Poets Society (Hiroshima shijin kyōkai), the New Japan Literature Association (Shin Nihon bungaku kai), the Our Poetry Association (Warera no shi no kai), and the Communist-sponsored Culture Circle (Bunka sākuru) in Hiroshima.

He also became involved in workers' rights and trade unions. Because of this activism, he gained a higher profile than two other prominent poets who also wrote about the bomb, Hara Tamiki and Ōta Yōko.^[2]

In , he submitted an essay entitled "Hiroshima in ", containing ideas for the revival of the city, to a competition held by Chugoku Shimbun newspaper, winning first prize.

Sample personal biography templates

Toge sankichi biography templates pdf

Free personal biography templates

The essay, which some later said had been written by his elder brother, was published in Chugoku Shimbun.^[4] In he joined the Japanese Communist Party.^[2]

By he was writing poetry very different from his earlier efforts, as he became more politicised.^[2] His first collection of the atomic bomb works, Genbaku Shishu ("Poems of the Atomic Bomb") was published in In the same year, it was sent to the World Youth Peace Festival in Berlin, where it garnered international acclaim.^[3]

His work includes references to the political environment of the time, especially of Japan occupied by the Allied Forces, and he expresses anger at the United States, while not mentioning the country by name.^[2]

Personal life and death

In Tōge was diagnosed, wrongly, with tuberculosis.

Believing himself to have only a few years to live, he spent most of his time as an invalid.^{[citation needed]}

In December , he was baptized into the Catholic Church, and did not denounce religion after joining the Communist Party.^[2]

In Tōge learned that his earlier diagnosis was wrong; he had bronchiectasis, an enlargement of the bronchial tube.^{[citation needed]} During his illness and hospitalisation, his supporters raised funds to pay the fees for his medical expenses.^[2]

Tōge died on 10 March at the age of 36^[5] at the National Hiroshima Sanatorium.^[3]

Legacy

Tōge's poetry, especially that containing the vivid imagery describing the pain caused by the bomb, has been translated into many languages, and he is regarded as "the leading poet of atomic bomb".^[2]

A monument to Tōge was erected at on 6 August , which bears his most well known poem, Genbaku Shishu.^[3][2]

In the Association of Preservation Data on Hiroshima Literature received around 20 previously unpublished manuscripts from the nephew of Tōge, which included the draft of a plan to reconstruct Hiroshima.

As it had accompanied the prizewinning essay mentioned above, there was still some uncertainty regarding its authorship.^[4]

Midnight in Broad Daylight (), by American historian Pamela Rotner Sakamoto, takes its title from a poem by Tōge.^[6]

Genbaku Shishu (Poems of the Atomic Bomb)

Japanese （人間を返せ）	Transcription (Ningen wo Kaese)	English Translation by John McLean in Hiroshima Piano ()[7][8]	English Translation at Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park (Monument Dedicated to Sankichi Tōge)[9][3]
ちちをかえせ　ははをかえせ としよりをかえせ こどもをかえせ わたしをかえせ わたしにつながる にんげんをかえせ にんげんの にんげんのよのあるかぎり くずれぬへいわを へいわをかえせ	chichi o kaese haha o kaese toshi yori o kaese kodomo o kaese watashi o kaese watashi ni tsunagaru ningen o kaese ningen no ningen no yo no aru kagiri kuzurenu heiwa o heiwa o kaese	Bring back my father! Bring back my mother! Bring back the elderly! Bring back the young! Bring back my life and the lives of those destined to me! Bring back all that is human, enduring peace. Bring back peace!	Give back my father, give back my mother; Give grandpa back, grandma back; Give my sons and daughters back. Give me back myself, Give back the human race. As long as this life lasts, this life, Give back peace That will never end.

See also

References

Further reading

External links